Vol. 83, No. 2
Second Quarter 1998

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The Choice of Capital Instruments
Larry D. Wall and Pamela P. Peterson
The authors obtain evidence on the costs generated by equity issues by examining the type of capital banks issued in response to the capital guidelines of the 1980s, which included a type of debt in capital.

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Why Minimum Wage Hikes May Not Reduce Employment
Madeline Zavodny
The author of this article describes and evaluates several models that may explain the controversial recent findings and proposes avenues for future research that would help determine the validity of these models.

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New Drilling Technology
Thomas J. Cunningham and Whitney Mancuso
Economic shocks are not always negative. Indeed, this article suggests that the energy extraction industry is experiencing a positive shock caused by two new technologies—three-dimensional imaging and directional drilling. Combined, these techniques have lowered the net extraction costs of oil and gas.

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A Primer on Short-Term Linkages between Key Economic Data Series
R. Mark Rogers
This article is a brief guide to some of the well-known short-term relationships between economic data series upon which many analysts focus.